An Unflattened Identity and Change Knowledge Graph

digestion unspecified sense

concept · 28 mentions

a bodily process

Other senses of “digestion”

bodily process

Connections

The concepts, people, and places this entity is most linked to by claims — node size is mention count, colour is type, dashed nodes are other senses of the same word.

digestiondigestion (bodily process)coffee — 15 shared claimscoffa — 2 shared claimstea — 2 shared claimscoffee taken after meals — 1 shared claiminfused beverages — 1 shared claimmoderate amount of coffee — 1 shared claimordinary coffee — 1 shared claimdrowsiness after a full meal — 1 shared claimcoffa — 1 shared claimnicotine — 1 shared claimkoumiss — 1 shared claimsauces — 1 shared claimcoffeecoffateacoffee taken after …infused beveragesmoderate amount of …ordinary coffeedrowsiness after a …coffanicotinekoumisssauces
Concept

Defining properties

Perspectives

Claims grouped by the voice that makes them.

William H. Ukers (author)

  • coffee facilitates digestion ⟨when properly made and taken in moderation⟩
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    When coffee is properly made and taken in moderation, it is a most valuable drink. It facilitates the digestion because it produces a local excitement.
    judge verdicts (4)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The opening paragraph explicitly says 'It facilitates the digestion because it produces a local excitement,' making this a fully supported and directly quoted assertion.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.60 fail — The viewpoint qualifier is incorrect. The passage attributes the statement 'It facilitates the digestion because it produces a local excitement' to a named source in context (I.N. Love makes a statement about coffee's properties, and Dr. Jonathan Hutchinson is about to make pronouncements). The claim should attribute this to the passage's author or the relevant medical authority cited, not generically to 'author'. Additionally, the quote 'It facilitates the digestion' appears in the first paragraph before I.N. Love is introduced, but the viewpoint attribution is ambiguous—clarify whether this is the unnamed author's view or attribute it specifically to the source discussing it.
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The exact phrase 'It facilitates the digestion' appears in the opening sentence, with the qualifying context 'when properly made and taken in moderation' and the causal explanation 'because it produces a local excitement' all explicitly provided.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to the author (the opening paragraph before any named sources are introduced). The stance 'asserts' accurately reflects the declarative framing. The sentiment 'positive' matches the passage's positive connotation ('valuable,' 'facilitates'). The time qualifiers are correctly null as the passage provides no temporal scope. The context 'when properly made and taken in moderation' faithfully captures the passage's qualifier. The quote appears verbatim and directly supports the claim.
  • assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    a moderate amount of coffee stimulates appetite, improves digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The text explicitly says 'a moderate amount of coffee stimulates appetite, improves digestion and relieves the sense of plenitude in the stomach,' which directly supports the subject-predicate-object relationship presented in the claim.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.90 pass — The claim is largely faithful to the passage. The quote is verbatim, sentiment is positive (matching 'improves'), and time qualifiers are correctly null. However, the viewpoint is slightly imprecise: the passage presents this as a general assertion rather than specifically attributed to the passage author. The statement appears in a descriptive section without attribution to a particular named source like Moore, Cushing, or Lehmann, so 'author' is reasonable but could be more accurately represented as 'general knowledge' or 'passage consensus'. This is a minor issue. All other qualifiers (stance: asserts, sentiment: positive, time: null, context: empty) are appropriate and faithful to the passage.
  • coffee favors digestion without eventual disarrangement digestion
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    coffee favors digestion without eventual disarrangement
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage: 'The fact that coffee favors digestion without eventual disarrangement has been demonstrated above.' This exact phrasing appears verbatim in the text, making it fully supported without requiring any outside knowledge or over-generalization.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. Viewpoint is correctly attributed to the author (the passage presents this as the author's position). Stance is correctly marked as 'asserts' - the author states this as fact. Sentiment is correctly positive. Time qualifiers are appropriately null since the passage provides no temporal scope. Context is appropriately empty as the passage discusses coffee generically without restricting to a specific sense. The quote appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim.
  • coffee aids digestion digestion ⟨in the alimentary regime⟩
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    Its action in the alimentary regime is that of an adjuvant food, aiding digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The text explicitly states 'Its action in the alimentary regime is that of an adjuvant food, aiding digestion,' which directly supports the subject-predicate-object relationship that coffee aids digestion.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.95 pass — Nearly perfect qualifier fidelity. The viewpoint, stance, sentiment, time, context, and quote all faithfully reflect the passage. The only minor consideration is that the passage presents this as a summary of pharmacological information ('Brief summarization of the information available') rather than a direct author assertion, though this is implicit in the framing and does not constitute a material deviation from standard interpretation of such summarized claims. All qualifiers are appropriately faithful to the passage.
  • coffee helps digestion digestion about 3 or 4 a Clock afternoon, as well as in the morning
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    it's very good to help digestion, and therefore of great use to be taken about 3 or 4 a Clock afternoon, as well as in the morning
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The text explicitly says the subject 'closeth the Orifice of the Stomack, and fortifies the heat within, that it's very good to help digestion' and specifies the recommended timing of 'about 3 or 4 a Clock afternoon, as well as in the morning.' The claim is fully supported without requiring outside knowledge or over-generalization.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to the author (not a named source). The stance is 'asserts' which matches the passage's definitive framing. The sentiment is positive, consistent with 'very good' language. The time qualifier accurately captures the specific temporal recommendation ('about 3 or 4 a Clock afternoon, as well as in the morning') with valid_from and valid_to correctly set to null as the passage provides no broader temporal scope. The context is appropriately empty as the passage does not restrict this claim to a particular sense or role. The quote appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim about helping digestion.
  • assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    Coffee's aid to digestion permits dining anew
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage: 'Coffee's aid to digestion permits dining anew' explicitly asserts that coffee aids digestion. The quote provided matches the passage exactly, and the author's positive stance on this benefit is clear.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to the author (the poem itself makes the assertion), the stance of 'asserts' accurately reflects the confident declarative tone, the sentiment is positive as the passage presents coffee's aid to digestion as beneficial ('permits dining anew'), the time qualifiers are appropriately null since no temporal scope is specified, the context is empty as appropriate since the passage does not restrict this claim to a particular sense or role, and the quote appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim.
  • coffee facilitates digestion
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    it facilitates digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage: 'it facilitates digestion, without which there can be no true happiness.' The exact phrase 'facilitates digestion' appears verbatim, supporting the subject-predicate-object relationship without any need for outside knowledge or generalization.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.70 pass — The claim's quote, predicate, object, stance, sentiment, time qualifiers, and context are all faithful to the passage. However, the viewpoint qualifier is problematic: the passage does not identify a named author of these statements—it presents them as anonymous editorial or rhetorical flourishes, possibly from the anonymous framing text rather than attributed to a specific named source. Using 'author' is technically acceptable when the passage does not name a specific source, but it obscures that this is unattributed rhetoric. The claim passes the threshold because 'author' as a generic attribution for unattributed passage content is a reasonable interpretation, though ideally the viewpoint would be null or 'unattributed' if that were an option.

translator

  • trituration assists in promoting digestion digestion
    assertsneutralsource: pg24588
    Trituration_, or the Motion or rubbing of the Coats of the Stomach: For it is plain, if the two former are absent, there can be no Digestion, and without doubt the last does assist
    judge verdicts (4)
    • groundedness 0.70 pass — The passage explicitly states that trituration (the motion or rubbing of the stomach coats) is one of three things that 'necessarily concur to promote Digestion,' and further notes it 'does assist' digestion. The claim is directly supported by the quoted text, though the perspective attribution to 'author' rather than 'the Translator/Physician' is a minor imprecision since the translator is making this observation about digestion, not the original author.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.60 fail — The viewpoint qualifier is incorrect. The passage attributes this opinion to the Translator (a Physician), not to 'our Author'. The passage explicitly states 'The _Translator_ of this Treatise, who is a Physician, thinks it proper to observe' before making the claim about trituration promoting digestion. The viewpoint should be 'translator' not 'author'.
    • groundedness 0.90 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The translator explicitly states that trituration (the motion or rubbing of the stomach coats) does assist in promoting digestion, and provides the quoted evidence. The only minor deviation is that the passage frames this as one of three necessarily concurring factors rather than discussing it in isolation, but this does not contradict the core claim.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.95 pass — The claim's qualifiers are largely faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly identifies the translator (a Physician) as the source, stance is accurately 'asserts', and sentiment is appropriately neutral. The quote is verbatim and supports the claim. Time qualifiers are correctly null since the passage provides no temporal scope. Context is appropriately empty as the passage does not restrict the claim to a specific sense or period. Minor: The quote could be slightly more concise by excluding the explanatory clause about absence of heat/menstruum, but the selected quote still faithfully supports the core claim about trituration assisting digestion.
  • heat necessarily concurs to promote digestion
    assertsneutralsource: pg24588
    three of them necessarily concur to promote Digestion; to wit, _Heat_, and a _Menstruum_ or _Liquor_, and _Trituration_
    judge verdicts (4)
    • groundedness 0.90 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The translator explicitly states that 'three of them necessarily concur to promote Digestion; to wit, _Heat_, and a _Menstruum_ or _Liquor_, and _Trituration_,' clearly indicating that heat is one of the three factors that promote digestion.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.60 fail — The viewpoint qualifier is unfaithful. The passage attributes this opinion to 'The _Translator_ of this Treatise, who is a Physician,' not to 'our Author.' The claim incorrectly assigns the viewpoint as 'author' when it should be 'translator' or 'physician translator.' The quote provided actually supports the translator's own observation about deficient reporting by the author, not a direct assertion by the author about heat promoting digestion.
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The translator explicitly states that three mechanisms 'necessarily concur to promote Digestion,' and heat is specifically listed as one of these three necessary components.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to 'translator' (identified as 'The Translator of this Treatise, who is a Physician' in [1]). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as the translator states this as fact. Sentiment 'neutral' matches the objective, explanatory tone. Time qualifiers are correctly null as the passage provides no temporal scope. Context is appropriately empty as no specific restriction applies. The quote is verbatim from the passage and directly supports the claim about heat necessarily concurring to promote digestion.
  • menstruum necessarily concurs to promote digestion
    assertsneutralsource: pg24588
    three of them necessarily concur to promote Digestion; to wit, _Heat_, and a _Menstruum_ or _Liquor_, and _Trituration_
    judge verdicts (4)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The translator explicitly states that three factors 'necessarily concur to promote Digestion; to wit, _Heat_, and a _Menstruum_ or _Liquor_, and _Trituration_', clearly establishing that menstruum promotes digestion.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.60 fail — VIEWPOINT UNFAITHFUL: The claim attributes the statement to 'author' but the passage explicitly shows this is the Translator's (a Physician's) observation and reasoning, not the original author's. The quote comes from the Translator's explanation of what the Author deficiently related. The viewpoint should be 'translator' or 'physician translator', not 'author'.
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The translator explicitly asserts that a menstruum (or liquor) is one of three things that 'necessarily concur to promote Digestion,' as shown in the provided quote from paragraph [1].
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly identifies the translator as the source (explicitly stated as 'The _Translator_ of this Treatise, who is a Physician, thinks'). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as the translator presents this as definitive reasoning. The sentiment is neutral, matching the objective, technical tone. The time qualifiers are correctly null as the passage provides no temporal scope. The context is appropriately empty as the passage does not restrict the claim to a specific sense or role. The quote is verbatim and directly supports the claim that menstruum necessarily concurs to promote digestion.
  • heat and menstruum are necessary for digestion digestion
    assertsneutralsource: pg24588
    it is plain, if the two former are absent, there can be no Digestion
    judge verdicts (4)
    • groundedness 0.85 pass — The passage directly states that heat and menstruum (liquor) are necessary for digestion, asserting 'if the two former are absent, there can be no Digestion.' The claim accurately captures this requirement, though it slightly simplifies by not mentioning that trituration also necessarily concurs in promoting digestion according to the passage.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.65 fail — The viewpoint qualifier is incorrect. The claim attributes this view to 'author', but the passage explicitly states this is the opinion of 'The Translator of this Treatise, who is a Physician', not 'Our Author'. The Translator is critiquing and correcting the Author's deficient treatment of digestion opinions. The viewpoint should be 'translator' not 'author'.
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The translator explicitly states in the first paragraph: 'it is plain, if the two former are absent, there can be no Digestion,' where 'the two former' refers to Heat and a Menstruum/Liquor that were just mentioned as necessarily concurring to promote digestion.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.85 pass — The claim is largely faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly identifies the translator, stance is appropriate as 'asserts', and sentiment is neutral. The quote is verbatim and supports the claim. Time qualifiers are correctly null since the passage provides no temporal scope. However, there is a minor context issue: the quote refers to 'the two former' (Heat and Menstruum/Liquor), and the claim correctly identifies these, but the passage also mentions that Trituration is necessary ('necessarily concur'), so the context could be more complete by noting this is specifically about heat and menstruum rather than all necessary factors. The claim is not wrong but slightly incomplete in its contextual representation of the full argument.

Craemer

  • nicotine affect digestion 1907
    Ueber den Einfluss des Nikotins, des Kaffees und des Thees auf die Verdauung
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The Craemer reference explicitly states 'Ueber den Einfluss des Nikotins, des Kaffees und des Thees auf die Verdauung' (On the influence of nicotine, coffee and tea on digestion), published in 1907, which directly confirms that nicotine affects digestion according to Craemer's work.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to Craemer (the author of the cited work). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as the passage presents this as a factual study title without framing dispute or question. The sentiment 'neutral' matches the objective, scientific framing. The time qualifier correctly reflects the publication year 1907. The context is appropriately empty as the passage provides no specific contextual restriction. The quote is verbatim from the passage and accurately supports the claim about nicotine's effect on digestion.
  • coffee affect digestion 1907
    Ueber den Einfluss des Nikotins, des Kaffees und des Thees auf die Verdauung
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The CRAEMER reference from 1907 explicitly lists a work titled 'Ueber den Einfluss des Nikotins, des Kaffees und des Thees auf die Verdauung' (On the influence of nicotine, coffee, and tea on digestion), which directly states that coffee affects digestion.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the claim to Craemer (the author of the cited work). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as the passage presents this as a research assertion without framing it as disputed or questioned. The sentiment 'neutral' matches the objective scientific framing. The time qualifier correctly reflects the 1907 publication date from the bibliographic reference. The context is appropriately empty as the passage does not restrict coffee to a particular sense. The quote is verbatim from the Craemer citation and directly supports the claim about coffee's effect on digestion (Verdauung).
  • tea affect digestion 1907
    Ueber den Einfluss des Nikotins, des Kaffees und des Thees auf die Verdauung
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The Craemer reference from 1907 explicitly states 'Ueber den Einfluss des Nikotins, des Kaffees und des Thees auf die Verdauung' (On the influence of nicotine, coffee and tea on digestion), which directly confirms that tea affects digestion according to Craemer's work.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to Craemer as the named source in the bibliographic entry. The stance of 'asserts' is appropriate as the passage presents this as a study/assertion without framing it as disputed or questioned. The sentiment 'neutral' matches the objective scientific tone of the title. The time qualifier correctly reflects the 1907 publication date with valid_from set to 1907 and valid_to as null (no end date specified). The context is appropriately empty as the passage provides no specific contextual restrictions. The quote is verbatim from the passage title and directly supports the claim that tea affects digestion.

D. Quélus (author)

  • fermentation and trituration are not absolutely incompatible digestion ⟨as competing theories of digestion⟩
    assertsneutralsource: pg24588
    these Opinions are not absolutely incompatible
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The author explicitly states 'these Opinions are not absolutely incompatible' when discussing the two competing theories of digestion (Fermentation and Trituration), matching the quoted text exactly.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly identified as 'author' (the passage states 'I shall not undertake to defend either Fermentation or Trituration: But it will be sufficient to say'). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as the author makes a declarative statement. The sentiment 'neutral' matches the measured, academic tone. Time qualifiers are correctly null as the passage provides no temporal scope. The context 'as competing theories of digestion' accurately reflects the passage's framing of fermentation and trituration as competing medical opinions about digestion. The quote is verbatim and directly supports the claim.
  • chocolate has digestion more than half finished by processing digestion ⟨when roasted, broken, ground fine, melted and dissolved in boiling liquor⟩
    assertspositivesource: pg24588
    by it Digestion is more than half finished
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The author explicitly states 'In short, by it Digestion is more than half finished' when discussing chocolate that has been roasted, broken, ground extremely fine, melted and dissolved in boiling liquor, exactly matching the claim's context and assertion.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.90 pass — The claim is highly faithful to the passage qualifiers. Viewpoint is correctly attributed to 'author' rather than a named source. Stance 'asserts' is appropriate for the authorial reasoning presented. Sentiment 'positive' accurately reflects the favorable framing of chocolate's digestibility. Time qualifiers are correctly null as the passage provides no temporal scope. Context correctly captures the specific processing conditions described. The quote is verbatim and supports the claim. Minor deduction only for slight semantic compression of the claim's predicate relative to the passage's conditional framing ('it then seems very likely' vs absolute assertion), though this is a minor distinction in how the author presents the argument.

Frederick B. Goddard (author)

  • koumiss is very easy of digestion
    It is very easy of digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The text explicitly says about koumiss: 'It is very easy of digestion.' This is a verbatim match with the passage, with no rewording or outside knowledge required.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The quote appears verbatim and accurately supports the claim. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to the author (the passage states this as factual information without attribution to a named source). The stance is 'asserts' which matches the passage's declarative presentation. The sentiment is positive, consistent with 'very easy of digestion.' The time qualifiers are null, which is appropriate as the passage provides no temporal scope. The context is empty, which is correct as the passage does not restrict the claim to a particular sense or role.
  • sauces stimulate digestion
    and stimulate digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage under the Sauces section, which explicitly says 'These articles give zest to food and stimulate digestion.' The exact phrase 'stimulate digestion' appears verbatim in the text.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to the author (the passage states 'These articles give zest to food and stimulate digestion' without naming a specific source). The stance is appropriately 'asserts' as the passage makes a direct statement. The sentiment is positive, matching the context of sauces being beneficial. The time qualifiers are correctly null as the passage provides no temporal scope. The context is empty as appropriate since the passage does not restrict the claim to a specific sense or role. The quote 'and stimulate digestion' appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim.

Robert Burton

  • coffa helpeth digestion digestion 1632 ⟨as experienced by the Turks⟩
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    helpeth digestion and procureth alacrity
    judge verdicts (4)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. Both quoted sections explicitly state that coffa 'helpeth digestion' (first quote) and 'helpeth digestion' (second quote by Burton), making this a fully supported claim with exact textual evidence.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.60 fail — VIEWPOINT is unfaithful: the claim attributes the statement to 'author' but the passage clearly attributes this observation to the Turks themselves ('they find, by experience') and to Robert Burton as the source making the claim. The viewpoint should be 'Robert Burton' or 'the Turks' (as their experience), not a generic 'author'. Additionally, the quote 'helpeth digestion' appears in both passages but should be attributed specifically to Burton's 1632 account where he writes 'helpeth digestion and procureth alacrity', not left unattributed to a generic author.
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. Robert Burton explicitly writes in 1632 that the Turks find by experience that coffa 'helpeth digestion and procureth alacrity,' which precisely matches the subject-predicate-object relationship claimed.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.95 pass — Qualifier fidelity is nearly perfect. Viewpoint correctly identifies Robert Burton as the source. Stance 'asserts' is accurate. Sentiment 'positive' matches the passage's positive framing. Time '1632' matches Burton's writing date. Context appropriately notes the Turkish perspective. Quote appears verbatim in the passage and supports the claim. Minor note: the quote is from Burton's 1632 version, which is slightly more specific than the earlier passage provided, but this does not constitute an unfaithful qualifier—the claim remains accurate to Burton's documented statement.
  • coffa helpeth digestion 1632
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    helpeth digestion and procureth alacrity
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. Robert Burton's 1632 text explicitly states that coffa 'helpeth digestion and procureth alacrity,' matching the claim's subject, predicate, and object exactly.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the claim to Robert Burton (1577-1640), who wrote this in 1632. The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as Burton presents this as established fact based on experience. The sentiment 'positive' matches Burton's framing of coffa's benefits. The time 'when: 1632' correctly reflects the publication date of the Anatomy of Melancholy. The quote 'helpeth digestion and procureth alacrity' appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim about coffa's effects. The empty context is appropriate as the passage does not restrict coffa to a specific sense or role beyond being a drink.

Robert O. Fielding (author)

  • capsicum promotes digestion digestion
    assertspositivesource: spices-pg60192
    capsicum or cayenne pepper, promotes digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage's opening sentence: 'Used in moderate quantities, capsicum or cayenne pepper, promotes digestion and so prevents flatulence.' The subject, predicate, and object are all explicitly mentioned without requiring outside knowledge or over-generalization.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.85 pass — The claim is largely faithful to the passage. However, there is one minor issue: the passage qualifies this claim with 'Used in moderate quantities' and 'prevents flatulence' as the fuller context, whereas the claim presents only the bare assertion without this important qualifier about quantity. The sentiment is positive (correct), the stance is asserted (correct), viewpoint is author (correct), time is null (correct - passage provides no temporal scope), and the context is empty (acceptable - passage doesn't restrict to a specific sense). The quote is verbatim and supports the claim. The deduction is for omitting the 'moderate quantities' qualifier that materially frames the validity of the claim.
  • pepper aids digestion ⟨in moderate quantities⟩
    assertspositivesource: spices-pg60192
    used in moderate quantities is an aid to digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage: 'Pepper is a stimulant, and used in moderate quantities is an aid to digestion.' The subject (pepper), predicate (aids), object (digestion), and context (in moderate quantities) all match the passage exactly.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to the author (implied from the expository text). The stance is 'asserts' which matches the straightforward assertion in the passage. The sentiment is positive, reflecting the beneficial characterization. The time is null as the passage provides no temporal scope. The context 'in moderate quantities' is explicitly stated in the passage. The quote appears verbatim and accurately supports the claim.

BIKFALVI, KARL

  • coffee affects digestion 1885
    schwarzem Kaffee, Tabak, Kochsalz und Alaun auf die Verdauung
    judge verdicts (4)
    • groundedness 0.70 pass — The passage directly lists a study by Bikfalvi (1885) with the title mentioning the effect of black coffee ('schwarzem Kaffee') on digestion ('die Verdauung'). The claim is supported by the cited work, though we only have the bibliographic reference rather than the full study content.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.50 fail — VIEWPOINT FIDELITY FAILED: The claim uses 'author' as the viewpoint, but the passage attributes this specific study to BIKFALVI, KARL (a named source). The viewpoint should be 'BIKFALVI, KARL', not 'author'. Additionally, while the time qualifier specifies 1885 as when the claim is valid, the passage only lists this as the publication year in a bibliography/reference list without indicating the broader temporal scope of the claim's applicability—this is a minor issue but the viewpoint error is the primary fidelity problem.
    • groundedness 0.70 pass — The passage directly lists a work by Bikfalvi from 1885 examining 'die Einwirkung von...schwarzem Kaffee...auf die Verdauung' (the effect of black coffee on digestion), which supports the claim that coffee affects digestion according to this source, though the passage only provides the citation and title without stating the actual findings.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.90 pass — The claim is largely faithful to the passage qualifiers. Viewpoint (BIKFALVI, KARL), stance (asserts), sentiment (neutral), and time (1885) are all correctly attributed. The quote accurately appears in the passage and supports the claim. Minor deduction: the context field is empty, which is appropriate since the passage provides no specific contextual restriction (e.g., coffee as a beverage vs. plant), so this is correct. All qualifiers are faithful to the source material.

Edward Terry

  • coffee helps digestion digestion 1616
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    it is very good to help Digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. Edward Terry explicitly states in his 1616 account that coffee 'is very good to help Digestion,' which matches the claim's assertion that coffee helps digestion according to Terry's perspective.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.90 pass — The claim is largely faithful to the passage. All core qualifiers are correct: viewpoint (Edward Terry), stance (asserts), sentiment (positive), and time (1616) match the passage. The quote appears verbatim and supports the claim. However, the time qualifier has a minor technical issue: 'valid_from' and 'valid_to' are both set to 1616, which represents a single point in time rather than a range. The passage attributes the statement to Terry 'under date of 1616,' suggesting a single temporal reference point, so using identical valid_from and valid_to values is appropriate, though this could be considered slightly redundant with the 'when' field. The context field is appropriately empty as the passage provides no specific sense or role restriction for coffee in this statement.

Englishmen

  • coffee is good to help digestion late 16th century
    coffee was "very good to help digestion, to quicken the spirits, and to cleanse the blood"
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage, which explicitly states that Englishmen in the late 16th century noted that coffee was "very good to help digestion, to quicken the spirits, and to cleanse the blood." The subject, predicate, object, time period, and perspective all match the passage exactly.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to 'Englishmen' as stated in the passage ('Englishmen passing through Safavid and the Ottoman Empire'). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as the passage presents this as their observation, not a dispute or question. The sentiment 'positive' matches the positive connotation of 'very good.' The time qualifier correctly identifies the late 16th century with normalized dates 1550-1599 consistent with the passage's statement 'late 16th century.' The context is appropriately empty as the passage provides no specific contextual restriction. The quote appears verbatim in the passage and accurately supports the claim.

Francis Bacon

  • assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    helpeth digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. Francis Bacon's 1627 work 'Sylva Sylvarum' is quoted as writing that coffee 'helpeth digestion,' which exactly matches the subject-predicate-object relationship and positive stance attributed to Bacon in the claim.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the claim to Francis Bacon (not 'author'). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as the passage presents Bacon's statement as a straightforward claim. The sentiment 'positive' matches the connotation in the passage. The time qualifiers are correctly set to null since the passage provides no specific temporal scope for the claim itself. The context is appropriately empty as the passage does not restrict the claim to a particular sense or role. The quote 'helpeth digestion' appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim.

Harkness

  • coffee assists digestion
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    It assists digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. Harkness is explicitly quoted as saying that coffee taken in moderation "assists digestion," making this claim fully supported with direct textual evidence.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the statement to Harkness (not the author), the stance correctly uses 'asserts' rather than 'disputes' or 'questions', the sentiment is appropriately 'positive', the time fields are correctly null since the passage provides no temporal scope, the context is appropriately empty since no specific sense restriction is stated, and the quote appears verbatim in the passage within the Harkness attribution.

Hutchinson

  • infused beverages produce negligible disturbance of digestion digestion ⟨in health⟩
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    in health the disturbance of digestion produced by the infused beverages (tea and coffee) is negligible
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. Hutchinson explicitly says 'in health the disturbance of digestion produced by the infused beverages (tea and coffee) is negligible,' which matches the subject, predicate, context, and attribution in the claim.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. Viewpoint correctly attributes the statement to Hutchinson. Stance is appropriately 'asserts' as Hutchinson opines this view. Sentiment is neutral-to-positive, fitting the claim's assertion. Time qualifiers are correctly null as the passage provides no temporal scope. Context 'in health' is accurate and directly quoted from the passage. The quote is verbatim and supports the claim precisely.

Johannes Albertus von Mandelslo

  • tea warm stomach and procure digestion
    warm the Stomach, and procure Digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. Johannes Albertus von Mandelslo explicitly states that tea 'is said to carry off Phlegm, warm the Stomach, and procure Digestion' in his account of tea consumption in the Indies.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the claim to Johannes Albertus von Mandelslo as the named source. The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as the passage presents this as a straightforward assertion without dispute or questioning. The sentiment 'positive' matches the passage's framing of tea's beneficial effects. The time qualifiers are correctly set to null as the passage provides no temporal scope. The context is appropriately empty as the passage does not restrict the claim to a specific sense or role. The quote 'warm the Stomach, and procure Digestion' appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim.

Lehmann

  • ordinary coffee is without effect on digestion ⟨in the majority of sound persons⟩
    ordinary coffee is without effect on the digestion of the majority of sound persons
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. Lehmann's conclusion that 'ordinary coffee is without effect on the digestion of the majority of sound persons' is explicitly quoted in the text, making this a fully supported claim with accurate attribution and context.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the statement to Lehmann as named in the passage. The stance 'asserts' is appropriate given the passage states Lehmann 'concluded'. The sentiment is neutral, matching the factual tone of the claim. The time qualifiers are correctly null since the passage provides no temporal scope. The context 'in the majority of sound persons' matches the passage's qualifier about 'the majority of sound persons'. The quote appears verbatim in the passage and accurately supports the claim.

Nalpasse

  • coffee taken after meals makes digestion more perfect and rapid digestion after meals ⟨after meals⟩
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    Nalpasse believes that coffee taken after meals makes the digestion more perfect and more rapid
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The text explicitly says 'Nalpasse believes that coffee taken after meals makes the digestion more perfect and more rapid,' which matches the subject, predicate, and object of the claim exactly, including the attribution to Nalpasse's viewpoint.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.90 pass — Nearly all qualifiers are faithful. The viewpoint (Nalpasse), stance (asserts/believes), and sentiment (positive) correctly reflect the passage. The quote is verbatim and supports the claim. The context 'after meals' is accurate. Minor note: The 'time' object uses 'when: "after meals"' which is contextual rather than temporal - however, since the passage provides no actual temporal scope (dates, periods), setting valid_from and valid_to to null is correct. The claim accurately captures Nalpasse's position as stated in the passage.

Pope Leo XIII

  • coffee aids digestion digestion
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    Digestion waits on pleasure as you sip
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 0.70 pass — The passage directly quotes Pope Leo XIII's poem stating 'Digestion waits on pleasure as you sip' in the context of drinking coffee/Mocha. While the phrasing is poetic rather than literal, the claim accurately captures that the poem associates coffee consumption with digestion benefits, and correctly attributes this view to Pope Leo XIII.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the claim to Pope Leo XIII (named source, not 'author'). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate—the passage presents Leo XIII as expressing appreciation. The sentiment is positive, matching the celebratory tone of his verse. The time qualifiers are correctly null since the passage provides no temporal scope for the claim itself (though it mentions the poem was composed in his eighty-eighth year, that dates the poem, not the claim's validity). The context is appropriately empty as coffee is discussed generically. The quote 'Digestion waits on pleasure as you sip' appears verbatim in Pope Leo XIII's poem and directly supports the predicate 'aids digestion.'

Turks

  • assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    which helpeth, as they say, digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. Sir George Sandys explicitly records that the Turks say coffee "helpeth, as they say, digestion," making this a fully supported claim with the correct attribution to Turkish viewpoint and positive sentiment.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.85 pass — The claim is mostly faithful to the passage. The quote is verbatim and accurately appears in the Sandys section. The viewpoint 'Turks' is correct - the passage attributes this belief to the Turks ('as they say'). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate given the passage presents this as a claim made by the Turks. The sentiment 'positive' is reasonable given the context suggests a beneficial health effect. However, the context is empty when it could be more specific: the passage refers to coffee in its beverage/drink sense specifically, and the quote contextualizes this within the Turks' use and beliefs about coffee. A minor deduction for not specifying the beverage context, though this is a minor issue since 'coffee' as a drink is abundantly clear from passage context.

Wiley

  • drowsiness after a full meal is natural condition incidental to digestion
    Wiley says that the feeling of drowsiness after a full meal is a natural condition incidental to the proper conduct of digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The text explicitly quotes Wiley as saying 'the feeling of drowsiness after a full meal is a natural condition incidental to the proper conduct of digestion,' which matches the subject-predicate-object relationship exactly.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the statement to Wiley as a named source. The stance is accurately marked as 'asserts' since the passage presents Wiley's statement as a direct assertion. The sentiment is appropriately neutral for a factual claim about digestion. The time qualifiers are correctly set to null since the passage provides no temporal scope. The context is empty, which is appropriate as the passage does not restrict this claim to a particular sense or period. The quote is verbatim from the passage and accurately supports the claim.

_Publick Adviser_ advertisement

  • coffee helpeth digestion May 19 to May 26, 1657 ⟨medicinal effect⟩
    assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    helpeth Digestion
    judge verdicts (4)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The historical coffee advertisement explicitly lists 'helpeth Digestion' as one of coffee's beneficial properties, making this a fully supported claim with no rewording necessary.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.60 fail — The viewpoint qualifier is unfaithful. The passage attributes this statement to a 1657 newspaper advertisement in the _Publick Adviser_, not to the author of the passage. The claim should use 'source' set to '_Publick Adviser_ advertisement' or similar, not 'viewpoint: author'. The quote is accurate and the context is appropriate, but the viewpoint misrepresents the attribution.
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The quoted advertisement explicitly contains the phrase 'helpeth Digestion' as one of coffee's purported medicinal virtues, appearing in the _Publick Adviser_ issue for May 19 to May 26, 1657.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the statement to the _Publick Adviser_ advertisement rather than an author. The stance is accurately described as 'asserts' (the advertisement makes a direct claim). The sentiment is correctly marked as 'positive' (the advertisement promotes coffee's benefits). The time qualifiers accurately reflect the publication date range given in the passage (May 19 to May 26, 1657). The context 'medicinal effect' appropriately captures the passage's presentation of coffee as having health benefits. The quote 'helpeth Digestion' appears verbatim in the advertisement text and directly supports the claim.

advertisement

  • assertspositivesource: coffee-pg28500
    helpeth Digestion
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The advertisement explicitly includes the phrase 'helpeth Digestion' when listing the benefits of coffee, making this a fully supported claim with no rewording or outside knowledge required.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.95 pass — Almost entirely faithful. The quote 'helpeth Digestion' appears verbatim in the passage and accurately supports the claim. Viewpoint, stance, and sentiment are all correct—the claim properly attributes this to an advertisement rather than a named source or author. Time qualifiers are correctly null since the passage provides no specific temporal scope for this property claim. Context is appropriately empty as the passage does not restrict this to a particular sense or role of coffee. Minor note: the passage attributes the claim to the historical advertisement's content, so 'viewpoint: advertisement' is accurate. All qualifiers are faithful to the passage.

physician translator

  • assertsneutralsource: pg24588
    without doubt the last does assist
    judge verdicts (4)
    • groundedness 0.85 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The translator explicitly states 'without doubt the last does assist' regarding trituration (the motion or rubbing of stomach coats) in promoting digestion. The only minor issue is that the claim attributes this to 'the author' when it is actually stated by 'the Translator' who is commenting on the author's views.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.50 fail — The viewpoint qualifier is unfaithful. The passage attributes this statement to 'The Translator of this Treatise, who is a Physician' - not to 'our Author'. The translator explicitly states 'without doubt the last does assist' as their own observation, contrasting with what 'our Author' claims about the four opinions. The viewpoint should be 'translator' or 'physician translator', not 'author'.
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The translator explicitly writes that trituration (the last of the three mechanisms) 'does assist' digestion, using the exact predicate 'assist' mentioned in the claim.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.85 pass — The claim is largely faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly identifies the physician translator as the source. The stance and sentiment are accurate—the translator asserts the claim neutrally. The time qualifiers are correctly set to null since the passage provides no temporal scope. The quote is verbatim from the passage and supports the claim. Minor deduction: the context field is empty, but the passage does implicitly frame trituration within the specific context of stomach digestion mechanics ('Motion or rubbing of the Coats of the Stomach'). While not strictly required, adding 'stomach digestion' or similar context would enhance fidelity, though the claim is still sound without it.

Change over time

late 16th century
  • is good to help coffee
1616
  • helps digestion coffee
1632
  • helpeth digestion coffa
  • helpeth coffa
May 19 to May 26, 1657
  • helpeth coffee
1885
  • affects coffee
1907
  • affect nicotine
  • affect coffee
  • affect tea
about 3 or 4 a Clock afternoon, as well as in the morning
  • helps digestion coffee
after meals
  • makes digestion more perfect and rapid coffee taken after meals