An Unflattened Identity and Change Knowledge Graph

tobacco commodity

concept · 33 mentions

a plant product used for smoking, chewing, or ingestion

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Other senses of “tobacco”

unspecified crop medicinal substance medicine plant plant/substance product religious custom remedy substance

Connections

The concepts, people, and places this entity is most linked to by claims — node size is mention count, colour is type, dashed nodes are other senses of the same word.

tobaccotobacco (—)tobacco (crop)tobacco (medicinal substance)tobacco (medicine)tobacco (plant)tobacco (plant/substance)tobacco (product)tobacco (religious custom)Europeans — 2 shared claimsIndians and Barbarians — 2 shared claimscoffee-house — 1 shared claimSpain — 1 shared claimdecoration of gardens — 1 shared claimmedicinal virtues — 1 shared claima custom attended with ignominy — 1 shared claimhealth of bodies — 1 shared claimsubstance — 1 shared claimthe brain — 1 shared claimthree million pounds and a half — 1 shared claimsome coffee houses — 1 shared claimEuropeansIndians and Barbari…coffee-houseSpaindecoration of garde…medicinal virtuesa custom attended w…health of bodiessubstancethe brainthree million pound…some coffee houses
ConceptPersonPlace

Defining properties

Perspectives

Claims grouped by the voice that makes them.

Simon Paulli (author)

  • Europeans sail to america yearly for tobacco despite risks tobacco yearly
    yearly to sail to _America_, spare no Expences, and expose ourselves not only to Storms and Tempests, but also to Sickness and Death, for the Sake of _Tobacco_
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The author explicitly states that 'We _Europeans_, however, are so infatuated and hood-winked, as yearly to sail to _America_, spare no Expences, and expose ourselves not only to Storms and Tempests, but also to Sickness and Death, for the Sake of _Tobacco_', which perfectly matches the claim's subject, predicate, and object with the same negative sentiment.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to the author (who makes this assertion in first-person plural 'We Europeans'). The stance is 'asserts' which matches the passage's direct statement. The sentiment is 'negative' which aligns with the critical tone ('infatuated and hood-winked', exposing themselves to 'Storms and Tempests...Sickness and Death'). The time qualifier 'yearly' is directly supported by the passage's 'yearly to sail to America'. The context is appropriately empty as the passage does not restrict this to a specific sense or period beyond the temporal reference. The quote appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim about Europeans sailing to America for tobacco despite significant risks.
  • Indians and Barbarians have aversion to the abuse of tobacco tobacco
    The _Indians_ and _Barbarians_ have such an Aversion to the Abuse of _Tobacco_
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage with the exact quote provided: 'The _Indians_ and _Barbarians_ have such an Aversion to the Abuse of _Tobacco_'. This sentence appears verbatim in the text with no rewording necessary.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to the author (the passage presents this as the author's own statement, not attributed to a named source). The stance is correctly marked as 'asserts' - the passage states this as fact without disputing or questioning it. The sentiment is neutral, appropriately reflecting the passage's objective tone. The time qualifiers are all null, which is correct since the passage provides no specific temporal scope for this claim. The context is empty as appropriate, since the passage does not restrict the claim to a particular sense or role. The quote is verbatim from the passage and directly supports the claim.
  • Indians and Barbarians chastise and burn tobacco of ethiopians and slaves tobacco
    they severely chastise the _Ethiopians_ and Slaves for it, and burn their _Tobacco_
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The quoted text explicitly states that 'The _Indians_ and _Barbarians_ have such an Aversion to the Abuse of _Tobacco_, that they severely chastise the _Ethiopians_ and Slaves for it, and burn their _Tobacco_,' which exactly matches the subject-predicate-object structure of the claim.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.90 pass — The claim is nearly faithful to the passage. The quote is verbatim and supports the claim accurately. Perspective, stance, sentiment, time, and context all match the passage faithfully. Minor note: The passage presents this as general information stated by the author, and the viewpoint "author" is correctly used rather than attributing it to a named source. The only very minor consideration is that the passage frames this as an observation about "Indians and Barbarians" generally without specifying a time period, which the claim correctly reflects with null time fields. All qualifiers are faithful.
  • James the Sixth of England expostulates with subjects against use of tobacco
    in the last Words of his Misocapnus, he expostulates with them
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The text explicitly says that James the Sixth of England 'in the last Words of his Misocapnus, he expostulates with them' regarding tobacco use, and the quoted exhortation clearly demonstrates his opposition to tobacco consumption.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.85 pass — The claim is mostly faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly identified as 'author' (the passage's narrator is relaying what James VI said, not James VI himself making the direct claim). Stance ('asserts') and sentiment ('negative') are appropriate. Time qualifiers are correctly set to null since no specific date is given. Context is appropriately empty. However, there is a minor issue: the quote provided is 'in the last Words of his Misocapnus, he expostulates with them' but this phrase does not appear verbatim in the passage. The passage states 'in the last Words of his Misocapnus, he expostulates with them in the following pathetic and affectionate Manner:' - the quote is incomplete and truncates before the colon. For full fidelity, the quote should either be the exact verbatim phrase or should more completely capture the relevant supporting text.
  • merchants adulterates tobacco tobacco long ago
    our own Merchants, influenced by a base and sordid Principle of Avarice, have long ago found Methods of adulterating _Tobacco_
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The text explicitly asserts that 'our own Merchants, influenced by a base and sordid Principle of Avarice, have long ago found Methods of adulterating _Tobacco_' and even specifies the adulterating substances used (Brine, Lemons, Vinegar, Wine, and Euphorbium). The claim accurately captures what the passage conveys.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. Viewpoint is correctly attributed to the author (not a named source). Stance is appropriately 'asserts' as the passage presents this as fact. Sentiment is correctly negative, matching the passage's characterization of merchants as 'crafty' and influenced by 'base and sordid Principle of Avarice.' Time qualifier 'long ago' matches the passage's 'have long ago found Methods.' Context is appropriately empty as no specific sense or role restriction applies. The quote is verbatim and accurately supports the claim.
  • Europeans hangs corrupted tobacco in houses of office or vaults tobacco
    the Europeans... have learned to hang their _Tobacco_, when corrupted, insipid, or light, in Houses of Office, or Vaults
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The exact quote provided matches the text verbatim, where the author explicitly asserts that Europeans 'have learned to hang their _Tobacco_, when corrupted, insipid, or light, in Houses of Office, or Vaults' to make it more acrid and ponderous using urine and excrement salts.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to the author (the passage presents this as the author's assertion about European merchants' practices). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as the author states this as fact, not dispute. The sentiment 'negative' matches the passage's disapproving tone ("to their Disgrace be it said"). The time qualifiers are correctly null since the passage provides no specific temporal markers. The context is appropriately empty as the claim refers to a general practice without restriction to a particular sense or role. The quote is verbatim and directly supports the claim about hanging corrupted tobacco in houses of office or vaults.

James the Sixth of England

  • a Custom attended with Ignominy, received through Error, and established by Stupidity
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The exact phrase 'a Custom attended with Ignominy' appears in the quoted words of James the Sixth of England from his work 'Misocapnus,' making this a fully grounded claim with proper attribution to the source.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the statement to James the Sixth of England (the passage explicitly identifies this as his expostulation from the Misocapnus). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as he is making a direct statement about tobacco. The sentiment is accurately negative, consistent with the pejorative language throughout. The time qualifiers are correctly null since the passage provides no specific temporal information. The context is appropriately empty as tobacco is discussed in its general sense. The quote appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim.
  • the Health of our Bodies impaired
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The quoted text 'the Health of our Bodies impaired' appears verbatim in James the Sixth's words from his Misocapnus, explicitly attributing the impairment of bodily health to tobacco use.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the statement to James the Sixth of England (as quoted from his Misocapnus). The stance of 'asserts' accurately reflects how the passage frames this claim - not as disputed or questioned, but as a direct assertion in James's exhortation. The sentiment is appropriately negative, matching the disapproving tone of the passage. The time qualifiers are correctly set to null, as the passage provides no specific temporal scope. The context is appropriately empty as the passage does not restrict the claim to a particular sense or role. The quote 'the Health of our Bodies impaired' appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim about tobacco impairing health.
  • our Substance wasted
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The quoted text 'our Substance wasted' from James the Sixth of England's expostulation clearly asserts that tobacco wastes substance, matching the subject, predicate, and object of the claim perfectly.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.90 pass — The claim is highly faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the statement to James the Sixth of England (from his Misocapnus). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as the passage presents this as direct exhortation. The sentiment is negative, matching the passage's condemnatory tone. Time qualifiers are correctly null, as no specific dates are provided. The context is appropriately empty as the passage makes no sense/role distinction for tobacco. The quote 'our Substance wasted' appears verbatim in the passage and accurately supports the object 'substance' being wasted. Minor note: 'substance' in the original context refers to material wealth/possessions rather than the physical substance of tobacco itself, which the claim's object formulation could be clearer about, but this is an acceptable interpretation of the passage.
  • tobacco is noxious to the brain
    noxious to the Brain
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The quoted phrase 'noxious to the Brain' appears verbatim in James the Sixth's quoted statement from his Misocapnus, and the perspective attribution to James the Sixth is accurate to the passage context.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the statement to 'James the Sixth of England' rather than the author/narrator. The stance 'asserts' accurately reflects how the passage presents this as part of James's expostulation. The sentiment 'negative' matches the clearly disparaging tone of the passage. The time qualifiers are appropriately null since the passage provides no temporal scope. The context is empty as appropriate since the passage does not restrict the claim to a particular sense or role. The quote 'noxious to the Brain' appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim.

Nicolaus Monardus

  • tobacco was imported into Spain a few years ago
    A few Years ago it was imported into Spain
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The exact quote 'A few Years ago it was imported into Spain' appears verbatim in the text, attributed to Nicolaus Monardus as stated in the passage introduction.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint correctly attributes the statement to Nicolaus Monardus as indicated by the passage's framing ('says he'). The stance 'asserts' is appropriate as the passage presents this as a factual statement without dispute. The sentiment is neutral, matching the passage's neutral tone. The temporal qualifier 'a few years ago' matches the passage exactly ('A few Years ago'). The context is appropriately empty as the passage provides no restricting context. The quote appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim.
  • tobacco was imported for decoration of gardens a few years ago
    rather for the Decoration of Gardens, than on Account of its medicinal Virtues
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The quoted text explicitly says tobacco was 'imported into Spain, rather for the Decoration of Gardens, than on Account of its medicinal Virtues,' which exactly matches the subject-predicate-object relationship and the attribution to Nicolaus Monardus.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.90 pass — The claim is largely faithful to the passage. Viewpoint, stance, and sentiment are all correct—the claim properly attributes the statement to Nicolaus Monardus (not the passage author), uses 'asserts' appropriately, and maintains neutral tone. The time qualifier 'a few years ago' matches the passage's "A few Years ago." The quote is verbatim and supports the claim. Minor deduction: the context field is empty when it could more precisely specify 'the import into Spain' to fully capture the temporal and geographical restriction in the passage, though this is not strictly required and does not materially affect fidelity.
  • tobacco is celebrated for medicinal virtues now ⟨now more than used for decoration⟩
    it is now more celebrated for the latter, than used for the former
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The quoted text explicitly says tobacco 'is now more celebrated for the latter, than used for the former,' where 'the latter' refers to medicinal virtues and 'the former' to decoration of gardens. This fully supports the claim that tobacco is celebrated for medicinal virtues according to Monardus's account.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.90 pass — Claim is highly faithful to passage qualifiers. Viewpoint (Nicolaus Monardus), stance (asserts), and sentiment (positive) are all correct. Time qualifier uses 'now' appropriately matching the passage's temporal reference. Quote is verbatim and supports the claim. Minor issue: context could be more concise - it restates part of the quote rather than providing additional contextual framing, though it is not unfaithful per se.

Adamus Olearius

  • Emperor of Muscovy prohibited importation of tobacco and snuff into territories by edict tobacco 1634 ⟨as ruler of Muscovy in 1634⟩
    in 1634, by an Edict prohibited the Importation of _Tobacco_ and _Snuff_ into his Territories
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The text explicitly says 'the Emperor of _Muscovy_, in 1634, by an Edict prohibited the Importation of _Tobacco_ and _Snuff_ into his Territories' according to Adamus Olearius, matching all key elements of the claim including the subject, predicate, object, date, and source attribution.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.95 pass — The claim is faithful to the passage qualifiers with one minor issue: the quote is incomplete/slightly inaccurate. The passage states 'the Emperor of _Muscovy_, in 1634, by an Edict prohibited the Importation of _Tobacco_ and _Snuff_ into his Territories, under the Penalty of being beat with Rods, and having the Nostrils slit in Case of Disobedience' - your quote omits 'under the Penalty of being beat with Rods, and having the Nostrils slit in Case of Disobedience' portion. All other qualifiers are correct: viewpoint is properly attributed to Adamus Olearius, stance is 'asserts', sentiment is neutral/factual, time is correctly 1634, and context appropriately specifies the ruler role. The quote as provided does appear verbatim but is incomplete; a fully faithful quote should include the penalty clause or be bounded appropriately to indicate omission.
  • Schach Abas prohibited all use of tobacco in army against tameran chan under penalty of nose and lips cut off tobacco ⟨in army against Tameran Chan as ruler of Persia⟩
    prohibited all Use of _Tobacco_ in that Army, which he raised against _Tameran Chan_ under the Penalty of the Offender's having his Nose and Lips cut off
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The text explicitly states that Adamus Olearius reports that Schach Abas prohibited all use of tobacco in the army raised against Tameran Chan under the penalty of having the offender's nose and lips cut off, with the exact quote provided in the passage.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to Adamus Olearius (from Lib. 5. Cap. 31.). The stance is accurately captured as 'asserts' rather than disputes or questions. The sentiment 'negative' appropriately reflects the passage's critical framing of the penalty. The time qualifiers are correctly set to null since the passage provides no specific date for this edict. The context properly identifies the army and Tameran Chan as the opponent. The quote appears verbatim in the passage and directly supports the claim about the prohibition and its penalty.

Besant

  • some coffee houses allowed the use of tobacco ⟨but not the more respectable⟩
    Some of the coffee houses, but not the more respectable, allowed the use of tobacco.
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The exact quote provided matches the text verbatim: 'Some of the coffee houses, but not the more respectable, allowed the use of tobacco.' This is presented as part of Besant's commentary on coffee houses.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to Besant (from whose quoted section this statement appears). The stance is properly marked as 'asserts' rather than disputes or questions. The sentiment is neutral, matching the passage's factual tone. The time qualifiers are correctly set to null since the passage provides no specific temporal information. The context accurately reflects the passage's restriction to 'but not the more respectable' coffee houses. The quote matches verbatim from the passage and directly supports the claim.

George M. Rolph (author)

  • assertsneutralsource: sugar-pg73616
    the colony raises coffee, cocoa, tobacco and cotton
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 0.70 pass — The passage states that 'the colony raises coffee, cocoa, tobacco and cotton' in the context of describing the capital Fort de France on Martinique. While the passage does not explicitly name Martinique in this sentence, the immediately preceding sentence identifies Fort de France as 'the capital of the island,' and the section heading confirms this refers to Martinique. The claim is supported with only minor rewording from the direct quote.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.90 pass — The claim is nearly faithful to the passage. The quote is verbatim and supports the predicate. However, there is one minor issue: the passage does not explicitly name Martinique as 'the colony' in the sentence containing the quote—that sentence follows a paragraph about Fort de France on Martinique, making the referent clear but not explicitly named in that particular sentence. The viewpoint, stance, sentiment, time, and context qualifiers are all appropriate and faithful to the passage. The quote accurately reflects what is stated, though the implicit rather than explicit reference to Martinique is a minor limitation.

J. Ewing Ritchie (author)

  • tobacco is slave-grown and yields revenue three million pounds and a half
    assertsnegativesource: sugar-pg52820
    tobacco, which yields a revenue of three million pounds and a half, is slave-grown
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The exact quote provided matches the text verbatim: 'tobacco, which yields a revenue of three million pounds and a half, is slave-grown.' The passage explicitly states both that tobacco is slave-grown and that it yields a revenue of three million pounds and a half.
    • qualifier_fidelity 1.00 pass — All qualifiers are faithful to the passage. The viewpoint is correctly attributed to the author (the passage is a first-person argumentative piece). The stance 'asserts' accurately reflects how the passage presents this information as fact without dispute or questioning. The sentiment 'negative' is appropriate given the critical tone toward slave-grown products and the broader anti-slavery rhetoric. The time qualifiers are correctly null since the passage provides no specific temporal bounds. The context is appropriately empty as no restrictive sense is applied. The quote appears verbatim in the passage and accurately supports the claim that tobacco is slave-grown and yields that revenue figure.

Macaulay

  • tobacco was held in abomination when not in form of scented snuff in coffee house 1685
    assertsnegativesource: coffee-pg28500
    Tobacco in any form than that of richly scented snuff was held in abomination
    judge verdicts (4)
    • groundedness 0.90 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. Macaulay explicitly states that tobacco in any form other than richly scented snuff was held in abomination, which clearly indicates that scented snuff was the acceptable form of tobacco in coffee houses in 1685. The attribution to Macaulay and the time period are also accurate.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.40 fail — Multiple qualifier errors: (1) VIEWPOINT: The passage attributes this picture to Macaulay ('Macaulay gives us the following picture'), so viewpoint should be 'Macaulay' - this is correct. (2) STANCE: Correct as 'asserts'. (3) SENTIMENT: The claim states 'positive' but the passage uses 'held in abomination' which is strongly negative. The sentiment should be 'negative' or the claim should be reframed to match the passage's clearly negative framing of tobacco use. (4) CONTEXT: The claim restricts to 'near St. James' Park' but the passage presents this as one example of houses with particular characteristics; the snuff observation is presented as a general rule across coffee houses, not localized to St. James' Park. The context should be empty or general to 'coffee house'. (5) QUOTE: The quote is inverted in meaning - it says tobacco in forms OTHER than scented snuff was held in abomination, which supports that scented snuff WAS acceptable, but the negative sentiment and context specificity issues remain.
    • groundedness 0.85 pass — The claim is directly supported by the passage. The quote 'Tobacco in any form than that of richly scented snuff was held in abomination' appears verbatim in Macaulay's 1685 description of coffee houses, accurately capturing that forms of tobacco other than scented snuff were rejected in these establishments.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.85 pass — The claim is largely faithful to the passage. Viewpoint is correctly attributed to Macaulay, stance and sentiment are appropriate. The time qualifier (1685) matches Macaulay's picture as stated. However, there is a minor issue with the quote: it appears to have a grammatical error in the original passage itself ('Tobacco in any form than that of...'), but the claim reproduces it verbatim, which is acceptable since it must appear verbatim. The context qualifier is empty, which is appropriate since the passage does not restrict tobacco to a particular sense or role—it refers to tobacco as a substance generally. All key qualifiers are faithful to the passage.

Viganenus and Johannes Chrysostomus Magnenus

  • Amureth prohibited the use of tobacco by edict under pain of death tobacco ⟨as ruler of the Turks⟩
    by an Edict, prohibited the Use of _Tobacco_, under Pain of Death
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The text explicitly states that according to Viganenus and Johannes Chrysostomus Magnenus, 'Amureth', the 4th Emperor of the Turks, prohibited the use of tobacco by edict under pain of death, with the exact quote provided matching the passage verbatim.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.85 pass — The claim is largely faithful to the passage. All key qualifiers are correct: viewpoint correctly attributes to Viganenus and Johannes Chrysostomus Magnenus (per passage: 'According to _Viganenus_... and _Johannes Chrysostomus Magnenus_'), stance is 'asserts' (appropriate for a factual attribution), sentiment is neutral (the passage presents this descriptively), and context appropriately identifies Amureth as 'the 4th Emperor of the _Turks_'. The quote appears verbatim and supports the claim. Minor deduction: time qualifiers are set to null, which is correct since the passage provides no specific date for Amureth's edict (unlike other rulers mentioned, e.g., Emperor of Muscovy in 1634). One minor issue: the passage describes Amureth as 'the 4th Emperor of the _Turks_' but the claim context says 'as ruler of the Turks' - this is a slight simplification but not unfaithful, as it still identifies him in his proper role.

author

  • sugar demands more labour, capital and expertise than tobacco
    More so than tobacco
    judge verdicts (2)
    • groundedness 1.00 pass — The claim is directly stated in the passage. The text explicitly asserts that sugar demanded 'far more labour, capital and expertise for successful cultivation and processing' and specifies 'More so than tobacco,' making the comparison between sugar and tobacco's labor, capital, and expertise demands entirely supported.
    • qualifier_fidelity 0.80 pass — The claim is largely faithful to the passage. The quote 'More so than tobacco' appears verbatim and supports the predicate. Viewpoint as 'author' is appropriate since the passage presents this as authorial assertion without attribution to a named source. Stance 'asserts' and sentiment 'neutral' are correct. However, the quote is incomplete: the full supporting sentence is 'More so than tobacco, and even more so than cotton, sugar demanded far more labour, capital and expertise for successful cultivation and processing.' The claim captures only the comparison to tobacco while omitting the additional context about cotton. While not strictly unfaithful, the quote could be more complete to fully represent the passage's comparative framing.

Change over time

1634
  • prohibited importation of tobacco and snuff into territories by edict Emperor of Muscovy
1685
  • was held in abomination when not in form of scented snuff in coffee house
a few years ago
  • was imported into Spain
  • was imported for decoration of gardens
long ago
  • adulterates tobacco merchants
now
  • is celebrated for medicinal virtues
yearly
  • sail to america yearly for tobacco despite risks Europeans